Lifestyle correlates of cardiovascular risk factors in a Sri Lankan population

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between selected lifestyle risk behaviours (physical activity-PA, smoking and fruit, vegetable and alcohol consumption) and cardiovascular risk factors in an urban Sri Lankan population. DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: A random sample of 3650 individuals between 35-64 years resident in the Ragama MOH area were selected from the electoral list. A validated, interviewer-administered, food frequency questionnaire and a physical activity questionnaire were used to collect data. Blood samples were analysed for serum lipid and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations. RESULTS: Of the 2602 participants (males:46%), 47% reported low physical activity (PA), 51% sub-optimal fruit consumption, 13% sub-optimal vegetable consumption, 6% excess alcohol consumption and 16% were current smokers. A significantly higher percentage of males reported moderate to high physical activity, had a lower BMI, consumed more alcohol, smoked currently and consumed less fruits. Vegetable consumption was similar between sexes. In females, risk behaviours were not associated with serum lipid and FBG concentrations. Among males, those reporting a low PA had a significantly higher percentage with serum triglyceride concentrations >150mg/dl and FBG >110mg/dl. A significantly higher percentage of male smokers had a serum total cholesterol concentration >200mg/dl and serum LDL concentration >100mg/dl. Excessive alcohol consumption in males was associated with high triglyceride concentrations (>150mg/dl). Serum lipid and FBG levels were similar among those with different fruit and vegetable consumption patterns, CONCLUSION: Low physical activity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption were associated with serum lipid and FBG concentrations in males. Fruit and vegetable consumption was not correlated with risk factors.