Laboratory studies on larvivorous potential of five fish species against Aedes ageypti (Linnaeus) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The dengue vectors, namely, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) are container breeders, thus, container management is a key element for elimination of vector breeding sites. Use of predator fish is a potential tool for dengue vector control in some container habitats. However, in order to select suitable fish species, larvivorous potential of different fish species needs to be determined. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the larvivorous potential of some fresh water fish species against the dengue vectors. METHODOLOGY: Five fish species, namely: Poecilia reticulata, Aplocheilus dayi, Oreochromis niloticus, Rasbora daniconius and Puntius bimaculatus were collected from their natural breeding places during the field surveillance conducted from January-October, 2015. Each fish species was placed in separate fish stock cement tanks at the Regional Office of the Anti- Malaria Campaign in Kandy until they were used for the study. In order to determine the larvivorous potential of the fish, each species was placed in separate enamel trays containing de-chlorinated water and allowed to acclimatize for 30 minutes. A batch of 25 Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae was introduced to each tray superlatively and the number of larvae remaining was counted after 24 hours of observation period. Once all the batch of larvae consumes by the fish species, another batch of 25 larvae from respective species was introduced during the observation period. The whole experiment was repeated for 6 times. RESULTS: The mean values of Ae. aegypti larvae consumed by one fish of O. niloticus, P. reticulata, A. dayi, R. daniconius and P. bimaculatus were 97.6, 66.9, 49.3, 62.5 and 47.5 respectively while, one fish of O. niloticus, P. reticulata, A. dayi, R. daniconius and P. bimaculatus consumed 98.4, 62.3, 51.2, 62.5 and 45.4 of mean Ae. albopictus larvae respectively. CONCLUSIONS: All five fish species showed larvivorous activity. However, O. niloticus showed the highest larvivorous potential followed by P. reticulata. Therefore, these two fish species may be considered as a supplementary method to control immature stages of dengue vectors.